The mortgage servicer took less than 30 days to change its story, big time.
In three weeks time, the loan servicer went from telling the bankruptcy court, under penalty of perjury, that the loan was current, to telling the homeowner that she was $50,000 behind. The whole story appears here.
Three weeks!
And there, in a nutshell, you see the utter disarray in mortgage loan accounting when a bankruptcy is involved. (Actually I doubt the accounting is any better outside of bankruptcy, but that’s another story.)
Home loan after Chapter 13
Trouble with your home mortgage right after you’ve completed a Chapter 13 is a real bummer.
You get current through years in Chapter 13, make the payments after you file, and then are slammed with a statement saying you’re behind. Or worse, you get a foreclosure notice.
The problem was widespread enough that the national bankruptcy rules committee wrote a rule trying to head off the problem. That’s how we got FRBP 3002.1.
The rule requires lenders with a lien on your home to provide notice while you’re in Chapter 13 of changes to your payments and of fees and expenses added to your loan. Then, at the end of the case, they need to file a response indicating whether they agree that you are current post – filing on the loan.
Yet time after time, mortgage servicers, the folks who are supposed to keep track of your payments on your loan, tell the bankruptcy court that you’re current in a filing signed under penalty of perjury. Then they turn around within weeks, and sing a different tune. In one of my cases, weeks after telling the bankruptcy court she was current, Big Bad Bank said she was $50,000 behind.
And it’s happened many times just this year. The servicers either don’t know, or don’t care, what they tell the court about the loan.
While it’s supremely galling, you are not without power to sort the situation out. Even though your bankruptcy case is over, you have unexpected friends: bankruptcy law itself; the bankruptcy judge; and your attorney.
How to make your mortgage loan right
The folks who wrote the rule must have had a premonition that the rule requiring disclosure and transparency wouldn’t alway work. Here’s what they wrote in the official comments to the Rule.
If, after the chapter 13 debtor has completed payments under the plan and the case has been closed, the holder of a claim secured by the debtor’s principal residence seeks to recover amounts that should have been but were not disclosed under this rule, the debtor may move to have the case reopened in order to seek sanctions against the holder of the claim under subdivision (i).
In short, get the matter back before the bankruptcy judge.
The Bankruptcy Code contemplates that you might need to reopen a closed bankruptcy case to seek relief. There’s a procedure for reopening the case.
You may have to advance the filing fee, but you should be able to either get it refunded by the court, or collect it from the servicer.
Mortgage lender faces trouble in court
In my view, the lender who filed a statement with the court saying the loan was current and then sent a mortgage statement claiming an arrears arising from the period of the bankruptcy has two problems.
One problem is that matter of judicial estoppel, the idea that a party can’t take one position before the bankruptcy court and another in a state law foreclosure action. If there were unpaid amounts at the end of the bankruptcy case, the Rule 3002.1 procedure was supposed to flush those out before the bankruptcy case was closed, and resolve them.
The second problem is that attempts to collect debts discharged or paid in bankruptcy violates the discharge injunction. And there are well established remedies for contempt of a federal court order.
It’s tricky when the lender retains its lien on the property. It’s a central tenet of bankruptcy law that liens pass through bankruptcy unaffected, unless the court takes specific actions to alter the lien.
So, homeowners want monthly statements after their bankruptcy. New rules even require it. But those statements have to be correct and consistent with what the lender told the court under Rule 3002.1.
Relief and recompense in court
The bankruptcy court can award an injured debtor “appropriate relief”. That certainly includes attorneys fees and costs.
It can also include an order determining that the loan balance is what the lender first said, or the court later determined. It’s unclear whether the debtor can recover damages for emotional distress or other kinds of economic injury.
If the court finds that the servicer violated the discharge injunction, a wider array of sanctions are available.
But to get relief, you have to get to court. And you have to get there with evidence.
So, save each written communication you get from the servicer after your bankruptcy case closes.
Keep a log of any phone contact with the servicer.
- Who called you?
- What did they say?
- Were they trying to get you to pay?
The more detail you capture, the more compelling your story is in court.
If you encounter mortgage trouble after bankruptcy, contact your bankruptcy attorney. If the attorney who handled your case doesn’t feel confident with these kinds of cases, ask for a referral to a lawyer who does.
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